{"id":706,"date":"2021-06-18T15:17:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T13:17:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/?p=706"},"modified":"2021-06-18T15:21:56","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T13:21:56","slug":"aka-je-uhlikova-stopa-bioetanolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/sk\/wat-is-de-koolstofvoetafdruk-van-bio-ethanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u00e1 je uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa bioetanolu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ak\u00e1 je uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa bioetanolu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekologick\u00fd pr\u00edstup u\u017e nie je okrajovou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou. Ke\u010f\u017ee d\u00f4sledky antropomorfn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch zmien s\u00fa \u010doraz zjavnej\u0161ie, rastie kolekt\u00edvna t\u00fa\u017eba chr\u00e1ni\u0165 na\u0161u plan\u00e9tu a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie. Hoci v boji proti klimatick\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m je potrebn\u00e9, aby \u013eudia zmenili svoje spr\u00e1vanie, a to tak na individu\u00e1lnej, ako aj na spolo\u010denskej \u00farovni, svoju \u00falohu zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj ekologick\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 inov\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 emisie a produkova\u0165 menej odpadu, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v boji proti zmene kl\u00edmy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch zdrojov glob\u00e1lneho zne\u010distenia s\u00fa emisie z vozidiel. Pre mnoh\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed je pou\u017e\u00edvanie osobn\u00e9ho auta nevyhnutnos\u0165ou. Bez auta by nemohli chodi\u0165 do pr\u00e1ce, vozi\u0165 deti do \u0161koly ani cestova\u0165 \u010falej ako pred vlastn\u00e9 dvere. Ak si v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017eete dovoli\u0165 elektromobil a nem\u00e1te to \u0161\u0165astie, \u017ee \u017eijete niekde, kde je slu\u0161n\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara, \u0161of\u00e9rovanie znamen\u00e1 prispievanie k nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00fadu zne\u010distenia a emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov, za ktor\u00e9 sme v\u0161etci zodpovedn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol<\/a> sa st\u00e1va s\u013eubn\u00fdm alternat\u00edvnym palivom, ktor\u00e9 by n\u00e1m jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a mohlo umo\u017eni\u0165 jazdi\u0165 to\u013eko, ko\u013eko chceme, bez toho, aby sme sa museli stara\u0165 o to, \u010do vych\u00e1dza z na\u0161ich v\u00fdfukov. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto sa sna\u017e\u00ed o uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lnu bud\u00facnos\u0165, by mal venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 bioetanolu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sa vyr\u00e1ba palivo na b\u00e1ze bioetanolu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol m\u00e1 v porovnan\u00ed s konven\u010dn\u00fdmi palivami mno\u017estvo v\u00fdhod, ale jeho hlavnou prednos\u0165ou je \u0161etrnos\u0165 k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu. Pri v\u00fdrobe bioetanolu sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa obnovite\u013en\u00e9 zdroje, konkr\u00e9tne plodiny, ako je kukurica, kukuri\u010dn\u00e9 zrno a kukurica. V z\u00e1sade sa d\u00e1 vyrobi\u0165 z akejko\u013evek rastliny, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje cukor a \u0161krob. Pojem \"biomasa\" pou\u017e\u00edvame ako s\u00fahrnn\u00fd pojem pre obnovite\u013en\u00e9 organick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z rastl\u00edn a zvierat. Biomasa zah\u0155\u0148a \u017eiv\u00e9 organizmy, materi\u00e1ly z\u00edskan\u00e9 zo \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov a materi\u00e1ly z organizmov, ktor\u00e9 ned\u00e1vno odumreli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presn\u00fd postup v\u00fdroby bioetanolu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od zlo\u017eenia pou\u017eitej biomasy. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdskumu sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti zameriava na lignocelul\u00f3zov\u00fd materi\u00e1l vr\u00e1tane v\u0155by, eukalyptu, slamy, cukrovej trstiny, po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych zvy\u0161kov a in\u00e9ho drevnat\u00e9ho a tr\u00e1vnat\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, ktor\u00fd sa \u010dasto pova\u017euje za odpad. Na v\u00fdrobu 1 tony bioetanolu s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 2 a\u017e 4 tony lignocelul\u00f3zovej biomasy. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa lignocelul\u00f3zov\u00fa biomasu, preto\u017ee je hojnej\u0161ia ako potravin\u00e1rske plodiny a jej v\u00fdroba je lacnej\u0161ia, najm\u00e4 preto, \u017ee sa aj tak pova\u017euje za odpad. M\u00e1 tie\u017e vy\u0161\u0161iu \u010dist\u00fa energetick\u00fa bilanciu ako in\u00e9 formy biomasy, v\u010faka \u010domu ekologick\u00e9 <\/a>zvy\u0161uje jeho atrakt\u00edvnos\u0165. Lignocelul\u00f3zov\u00e1 biomasa m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov a\u017e o 90%, \u010do je ove\u013ea lep\u0161ie ako biopaliv\u00e1 prvej gener\u00e1cie.\"bioetanolov\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nev\u00fdhodou pou\u017e\u00edvania lignocelul\u00f3zovej biomasy na v\u00fdrobu bioetanolu je, \u017ee obsahuje cel\u00fd rad sacharidov\u00fdch polym\u00e9rov vr\u00e1tane celul\u00f3zy. Celul\u00f3za je hlavnou zlo\u017ekou bunkov\u00fdch stien rastl\u00edn a sklad\u00e1 sa z molek\u00fal gluk\u00f3zy. Pri rozklade celul\u00f3zy v procese naz\u00fdvanom hydrol\u00fdza sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje gluk\u00f3za. Existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov, ako hydrolyzova\u0165 celul\u00f3zu v lignocelul\u00f3zovej biomase s cie\u013eom z\u00edska\u0165 fermentovate\u013en\u00e9 cukry. Medzi najbe\u017enej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy patr\u00ed o\u0161etrenie biomasy kyselinou alebo \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi enz\u00fdmami a jej zahriatie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u00edpade nelignocelul\u00f3zovej biomasy, ako je napr\u00edklad obilie, sa biomasa najprv rozdrv\u00ed, aby sa uvo\u013enil \u0161krob. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd materi\u00e1l sa zmie\u0161a s ur\u010dit\u00fdm objemom vody, aby sa kontroloval pomer cukru a kvasiniek vo v\u00fdslednej ka\u0161i. Zahrievan\u00edm zmesi sa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa vo vode rozpustn\u00e9 \u0161kroby a s\u00fa\u010dasne sa pou\u017e\u00edva kysl\u00e1 alebo enzymatick\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza na premenu \u0161krobu na cukry. V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 zmes sa kup\u00ed na pH 4,8 a\u017e 5,0, ktor\u00e9 je mierne kysl\u00e9. Je to potrebn\u00e9 na to, aby sa kvasinky, ktor\u00e9 kvasia cukry, mohli rozv\u00edja\u0165. Pri ferment\u00e1cii vznik\u00e1 etanol a CO2. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 destil\u00e1cia a dehydrat\u00e1cia zvy\u0161uje koncentr\u00e1ciu etanolu v roztoku.\"bioetanol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby sa etanol mohol pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako palivo, mus\u00ed by\u0165 ve\u013emi \u010dist\u00fd, \u010do najbli\u017e\u0161ie k 100%. Priemyselne vyr\u00e1ban\u00fd etanol m\u00e1 pomerne vysok\u00fd obsah vody, ktor\u00fd zni\u017euje jeho \u010distotu. Existuje nieko\u013eko met\u00f3d dehydrat\u00e1cie etanolu, pri\u010dom v\u0161etky s\u00fa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti predmetom v\u00fdskumu s cie\u013eom zlep\u0161i\u0165 ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa environment\u00e1lne v\u00fdhody bioetanolu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol nielen\u017ee poch\u00e1dza z obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov, ale v porovnan\u00ed s konven\u010dn\u00fdmi palivami v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje emisie sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov po\u010das v\u00fdroby a pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed hotov\u00e9ho paliva. Prid\u00e1vanie etanolu do benz\u00ednu zvy\u0161uje okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee benz\u00edn sk\u00f4r hor\u00ed, ako sa spa\u013euje, a umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1m tak vy\u010derpa\u0165 na\u0161e st\u00e1le sa zmen\u0161uj\u00face z\u00e1soby ropy. Pred\u013a\u017eenie \u017eivotnosti ropn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob zvy\u0161uje na\u0161u palivov\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a zni\u017euje na\u0161u z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od kraj\u00edn \u0165a\u017eiacich ropu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, \u010di bioetanol produkuje oxid uho\u013enat\u00fd alebo in\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, odpove\u010f znie nie. Pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed bioetanolu vznik\u00e1 ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo emisi\u00ed, je v\u00fdrazne \u010distej\u0161\u00ed ako konven\u010dn\u00e9 paliv\u00e1. Najhor\u0161ie, \u010do vylu\u010duje, je zanedbate\u013en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 je pr\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 na to, aby malo negat\u00edvny vplyv na zdravie \u013eud\u00ed alebo \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eno ste po\u010duli protichodn\u00e9 tvrdenia o uhl\u00edkovej stope bioetanolu. Je teda bioetanol uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny alebo nie? Odpove\u010f znie: \u00e1no, je uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny. Mus\u00edte si v\u0161ak polo\u017ei\u0165 ot\u00e1zku, pre\u010do je bioetanol uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lny. Odpove\u010f je vlastne celkom jednoduch\u00e1: mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho uvo\u013enen\u00e9ho pri v\u00fdrobe bioetanolu je rovnak\u00e9 ako mno\u017estvo oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, ktor\u00e9 rastliny, ktor\u00e9 palivo vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa, absorbuj\u00fa po\u010das fotosynt\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prechod z pal\u00edv na b\u00e1ze ropy na bioetanol pom\u00f4\u017ee ozdravi\u0165 oz\u00f3nov\u00fa vrstvu nad Zemou, \u010do je dlhodob\u00fd cie\u013e environment\u00e1lneho hnutia. Ke\u010f etanol <\/a>hor\u00ed, s\u00fa v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 produkty menej reakt\u00edvne so slne\u010dn\u00fdm svetlom ako emisie z konven\u010dn\u00fdch zdrojov paliva. Dokonca ani rozsiahle spa\u013eovanie etanolu pravdepodobne nenaru\u0161\u00ed oz\u00f3nov\u00fa vrstvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aj ke\u010f budeme v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti na\u010falej pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 konven\u010dn\u00e9 paliv\u00e1 pre na\u0161e vozidl\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 bioetanol na zn\u00ed\u017eenie emisi\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plynov. Primie\u0161avanie bioetanolu do benz\u00ednu prin\u00e1\u0161a mno\u017estvo cenn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod. Po prv\u00e9, zvy\u0161uje okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo paliva, \u010do je zvy\u010dajne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9. Obohaten\u00edm nekvalitn\u00e9ho paliva etanolom m\u00f4\u017eeme zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 emisie a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon. Prid\u00e1vanie bioetanolu do pohonn\u00fdch hm\u00f4t tie\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eeme \u010falej zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 na\u0161e z\u00e1soby a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 na\u0161u z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od kraj\u00edn produkuj\u00facich ropu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkovo by \u0161irok\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie bioetanolu viedlo k zlep\u0161eniu kvality ovzdu\u0161ia a zn\u00ed\u017eeniu v\u00fdskytu karcinog\u00e9nnych \u010dast\u00edc. Prebiehaj\u00face v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 a v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 projekty neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00fa environment\u00e1lne v\u00fdhody bioetanolu, \u010d\u00edm sa st\u00e1va e\u0161te atrakt\u00edvnej\u0161ou perspekt\u00edvou. Najnov\u0161ie kon\u0161trukcie z\u00e1vodov na v\u00fdrobu bioetanolu napr\u00edklad zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee v\u0161etka vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00e1 voda je environment\u00e1lne neutr\u00e1lna. Niektor\u00e9 z\u00e1vody recykluj\u00fa odpadov\u00fa vodu, ktor\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 pri v\u00fdrobe bioetanolu, aby sa mohla znovu pou\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na \u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edva bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etanol je univerz\u00e1lne palivo, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e preuk\u00e1zalo svoj potenci\u00e1l v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch oblastiach. Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm bioetanolu v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je jeho pou\u017eitie ako paliva v doprave, pri\u010dom mnoh\u00ed predstavitelia automobilov\u00e9ho priemyslu o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u010dasom nahrad\u00ed benz\u00edn ako prim\u00e1rne palivo pre osobn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1. Jednou z v\u00fdhod bioetanolu je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee nemus\u00ed \u00faplne nahradi\u0165 benz\u00edn, aby sa dosiahla zmena. Etanol sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva na zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu nekvalitn\u00e9ho paliva a na trhu je nieko\u013eko zmesn\u00fdch pal\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 kombinuj\u00fa bioetanol s naftou alebo benz\u00ednom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak ako ka\u017ed\u00e9 palivo, aj bioetanol sa m\u00f4\u017ee spa\u013eova\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu energie a generovanie energie. V\u00fdskum potenci\u00e1lnej \u00falohy bioetanolu pri v\u00fdrobe elektrickej energie pokra\u010duje. V porovnan\u00ed s uhl\u00edm a ropou m\u00e1 etanol ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdkon, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na v\u00fdrobu rovnak\u00e9ho mno\u017estva energie je potrebn\u00e9 ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo. M\u00f4\u017eeme si v\u0161ak dovoli\u0165 spa\u013eova\u0165 ove\u013ea viac etanolu bez toho, aby sme sp\u00f4sobili \u0161kody na \u017eivotnom prostred\u00ed a uvo\u013e\u0148ovali toxick\u00e9 emisie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krby na bioetanol s\u00fa tie\u017e \u010doraz ob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161ie. Neprodukuj\u00fa dym ani in\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty, vyzeraj\u00fa skvele a nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa kom\u00edn ani pripojenie na plynov\u00e9 potrubie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako je na tom bioetanol v porovnan\u00ed s konven\u010dn\u00fdmi palivami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V porovnan\u00ed s benz\u00ednom m\u00e1 bioetanol ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00fd obsah. Ak m\u00e1te dve rovnak\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, jedno na benz\u00edn a druh\u00e9 na bioetanol, vozidlo na benz\u00edn bude m\u00f4c\u0165 pokra\u010dova\u0165 v jazde. Bioetanol v\u0161ak neprodukuje tak\u00e9 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 emisie ako benz\u00edn. Ke\u010f\u017ee n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu bioetanolu na\u010falej klesaj\u00fa a v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edmi, mo\u017eno sa dostaneme do bodu, ke\u010f sa bude \u010dastej\u0161ie tankovanie do vozidiel pova\u017eova\u0165 za v\u00fdhodn\u00fd kompromis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161ie okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo ako benz\u00edn a m\u00f4\u017ee sa dokonca prid\u00e1va\u0165 do benz\u00ednu, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ilo okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Vy\u0161\u0161ie okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo znamen\u00e1, \u017ee bioetanol v motore sk\u00f4r hor\u00ed, ako sa vznieti, a m\u00e1 vynikaj\u00face protiat\u00f3mov\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etanol je menej prchav\u00fd ako benz\u00edn, \u010do sa meria Reidov\u00fdm tlakom p\u00e1r. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed tlak bioetanolu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa odparuje pomaly, \u010d\u00edm sa udr\u017eiava n\u00edzka koncentr\u00e1cia emisi\u00ed sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch odparovan\u00edm a \u010falej sa zni\u017euje riziko expl\u00f3zie paliva. N\u00edzky tlak p\u00e1r v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre etanol aj nev\u00fdhodou. Kombin\u00e1cia n\u00edzkeho tlaku a jedn\u00e9ho bodu varu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee motory poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e9 \u010dist\u00fdm etanolom nem\u00f4\u017eu bez pomoci na\u0161tartova\u0165 pri teplot\u00e1ch ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch ako 20 stup\u0148ov Celzia. Ak sa niekedy za\u010dne v\u00e1\u017ene uva\u017eova\u0165 o bioetanole ako prim\u00e1rnom palive pre automobily, motory bud\u00fa musie\u0165 tento probl\u00e9m kompenzova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol a podobn\u00e9 biopaliv\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu zohr\u00e1va\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu v boji proti zmene kl\u00edmy. Bioetanol m\u00e1 nielen \u0161irok\u00e9 mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eitia, ale jeho v\u00fdroba je aj uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lna. Sledujte tento priestor, preto\u017ee by to mohlo by\u0165 palivo bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ak\u00e1 je uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa bioetanolu? Ekologick\u00fd pr\u00edstup u\u017e nie je okrajovou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinky antropomorfn\u00fdch<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-algemeen","category-bioethanol-advies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol? | Bioethanolshop.nl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/sk\/aka-je-uhlikova-stopa-bioetanolu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol? 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