{"id":700,"date":"2021-06-18T14:56:21","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/?p=700"},"modified":"2021-06-18T14:59:18","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T12:59:18","slug":"co-je-bioetanol-palivo-a-ake-su-vyhody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/sk\/wat-is-bio-ethanolbrandstof-en-wat-zijn-de-voordelen-ervan\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010co je bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jeho v\u00fdhody?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u010co je bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jeho v\u00fdhody?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eno ste v posledn\u00fdch rokoch videli spr\u00e1vy o aut\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 jazdia na alkohol namiesto benz\u00ednu. My\u0161lienka pou\u017e\u00edvania etanolu ako paliva do vozidiel je zn\u00e1ma u\u017e dlh\u0161ie, ale len ned\u00e1vno sa t\u00e1to koncepcia za\u010dala v\u00e1\u017ene sk\u00fama\u0165. Nahraden\u00edm paliva na b\u00e1ze ropy alkoholom by sme mohli odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9 v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny, ktor\u00e9 produkuje ka\u017ed\u00e9 auto, ke\u010f pou\u017e\u00edva ako palivo benz\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 alternat\u00edvne palivo, ktor\u00e9 si z\u00edskava z\u00e1ujem v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, spotrebite\u013eov a v\u00fdrobcov automobilov. \u010co je v\u0161ak bioetanol a pre\u010do sa pova\u017euje za tak\u00fd s\u013eubn\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etanol je u\u017e dlho jednou z najv\u0161estrannej\u0161\u00edch a najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1tok, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1me k dispoz\u00edcii. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed pozn\u00e1 etanol ako alkohol, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza v alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1pojoch. Pre chemikov je v\u0161ak etanol ove\u013ea viac ako psychoakt\u00edvna droga; je to rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165adlo s nekone\u010dn\u00fdm mno\u017estvom priemyseln\u00fdch a chemick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed. V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa etanol objavil aj ako potenci\u00e1lne obnovite\u013en\u00e9 palivo pre automobily a \u017eivotaschopn\u00e1 alternat\u00edva k benz\u00ednu na b\u00e1ze ropy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol<\/a> sa jednoducho vz\u0165ahuje na etanol vyroben\u00fd z biomasy. Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, z \u010doho sa vyr\u00e1ba palivo na b\u00e1ze bioetanolu, tu je odpove\u010f. Biomasa je \u0161irok\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fd zah\u0155\u0148a ak\u00fdko\u013evek materi\u00e1l z\u00edskan\u00fd zo \u017eiv\u00e9ho alebo ned\u00e1vno zomrel\u00e9ho organizmu. Drevo je najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edm pr\u00edkladom biomasy. Spa\u013eovan\u00edm dreva m\u00f4\u017eeme priamo uvo\u013eni\u0165 energiu, ktor\u00fa obsahuje, a pou\u017ei\u0165 ju ako palivo. Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie be\u017en\u00e9 kateg\u00f3rie biomasy patria po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske zvy\u0161ky a ma\u0161ta\u013en\u00fd hnoj, potravinov\u00fd a priemyseln\u00fd odpad a energetick\u00e9 plodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako sa vyr\u00e1ba palivo na b\u00e1ze bioetanolu?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z biomasy, zvy\u010dajne vo forme energetick\u00fdch plod\u00edn, sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 bioetanol prostredn\u00edctvom procesu naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho ferment\u00e1cia, rovnak\u00e9ho procesu, pri ktorom sa kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov. Na v\u00fdrobu bioetanolu ferment\u00e1ciou mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 kukuricu, cukrov\u00fa trstinu, riasy a mno\u017estvo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch be\u017ene dostupn\u00fdch rastl\u00edn. Po\u010das procesu ferment\u00e1cie spotreb\u00favaj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy kvasiniek cukry v biomase. Pri ich tr\u00e1ven\u00ed vznikaj\u00fa ako ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty etanol a oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd (CO2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biomasa zvy\u010dajne obsahuje rad komplexn\u00fdch sacharidov\u00fdch polym\u00e9rov naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch celul\u00f3za, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v bunkov\u00fdch sten\u00e1ch rastl\u00edn. Aby sa vytvorilo dostato\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo cukru na ferment\u00e1ciu, mus\u00ed sa biomasa o\u0161etri\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi kyselinami alebo enz\u00fdmami. Tie rozkladaj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 odolnej\u0161ie rastlinn\u00e9 bunky a odha\u013euj\u00fa ich vn\u00fatorn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru prostredn\u00edctvom \u010fal\u0161ieho procesu naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho hydrol\u00fdza. Hydrol\u00fdzou celul\u00f3zy vznik\u00e1 sachar\u00f3zov\u00fd cukor, ktor\u00fd sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee fermentova\u0165 na v\u00fdrobu etanolu. Existuj\u00fa tri hlavn\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby extrakcie cukru zo vzorky biomasy: enzymatick\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza, zrieden\u00e1 kysl\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza a koncentrovan\u00e1 kysl\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enzymatick\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza: Do vzorky biomasy sa pridaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne enz\u00fdmy. Tieto enz\u00fdmy rozkladaj\u00fa rastlinn\u00e9 bunky a hydrolyzuj\u00fa celul\u00f3zu na v\u00fdrobu sachar\u00f3zy. T\u00e1to met\u00f3da je ned\u00e1vnou inov\u00e1ciou a v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je ve\u013emi n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. O\u010dak\u00e1va sa v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u010dasom sa tento proces stane hospod\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edm, preto\u017ee sa zdokonal\u00ed.\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydrol\u00fdza zriedenou kyselinou: T\u00e1to met\u00f3da je najstar\u0161ia a najjednoduch\u0161ia. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je to aj najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob vyu\u017e\u00edvania biomasy na v\u00fdrobu etanolu, hoci v bud\u00facnosti sa to m\u00f4\u017ee zmeni\u0165. Proces pozost\u00e1va z dvoch f\u00e1z, pri\u010dom sa do biomasy v\u017edy prid\u00e1va kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 zrieden\u00e1 na menej ako 1% a zahriata na 190 - 215 \u00b0C. Slab\u00e1 kyselina a vysok\u00e9 teplo hydrolyzuj\u00fa celul\u00f3zu. Vzniknut\u00e1 kvapalina sa potom m\u00f4\u017ee regenerova\u0165 a spracova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koncentrovan\u00e1 kysl\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza: Koncentrovan\u00e1 kysl\u00e1 hydrol\u00fdza vyu\u017e\u00edva ove\u013ea silnej\u0161iu (70-77%) koncentr\u00e1ciu kyseliny s\u00edrovej, ktor\u00e1 sa prid\u00e1va k vysu\u0161enej biomase a zvy\u0161uje sa na teplotu 50 stup\u0148ov Celzia. Zmes sa potom zriedi vodou, a\u017e k\u00fdm koncentr\u00e1cia nie je medzi 20-30% stup\u0148ov Celzia, a potom sa zahrieva na 100 stup\u0148ov Celzia po\u010das jednej hodiny. V\u00fdsledkom tohto procesu je g\u00e9l, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 stla\u010di\u0165, aby sa uvo\u013enila zmes cukru a kyseliny. Zmes sa oddel\u00ed pomocou chromatografickej kol\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u00fdhody bioetanolov\u00e9ho paliva?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol<\/a> pon\u00faka v porovnan\u00ed so star\u0161\u00edmi typmi pal\u00edv mnoh\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov je v\u0161ak to, \u017ee na jeho v\u00fdrobu mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek rastlinu obsahuj\u00facu cukor a \u0161krob. S postupuj\u00facim v\u00fdskumom a zdokona\u013eovan\u00edm procesov, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvame na extrakciu a kvasenie cukrov, m\u00f4\u017eeme o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee v\u00fdnosy sa bud\u00fa zvy\u0161ova\u0165. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa za ove\u013ea vhodnej\u0161ie na v\u00fdrobu bioetanolu pova\u017euje nieko\u013eko plod\u00edn, ale to sa m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dasom zmeni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdroba bioetanolu je ove\u013ea \u0161etrnej\u0161ia k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu ako v\u00fdroba in\u00fdch konven\u010dn\u00fdch pal\u00edv a prebiehaj\u00fa snahy o \u010fal\u0161ie zni\u017eovanie uhl\u00edkovej stopy. V\u00fdroba bioetanolu by mala by\u0165 v z\u00e1sade uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lna, preto\u017ee jedin\u00fd CO2, ktor\u00fd sa uvo\u013e\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry, je CO2 absorbovan\u00fd rastlinou pri fotosynt\u00e9ze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdroba bioetanolu je nielen ekologickej\u0161ia ako v\u00fdroba in\u00fdch druhov pal\u00edv, ale pri jeho pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed vznikaj\u00fa ove\u013ea \u010distej\u0161ie v\u00fdpary. Etanol sa spa\u013euje \u00faplne, nevznikaj\u00fa pri \u0148om \u017eiadne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty ako pri in\u00fdch druhoch paliva. Ke\u010f sa bioetanol pou\u017e\u00edva ako palivo pre spa\u013eovacie motory v automobiloch, v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny s\u00fa \u010dasto \u010distej\u0161ie ako okolit\u00fd vzduch, najm\u00e4 v mestskom prostred\u00ed.\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preto\u017ee etanol <\/a>biologicky odb\u00farate\u013en\u00e9, \u00fanik paliva nepredstavuje potenci\u00e1lnu environment\u00e1lnu katastrofu, ako je to v pr\u00edpade ropy. Ak sa etanol dostane do vody, zriedi sa na n\u00edzku, netoxick\u00fa koncentr\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na \u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edva bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo sa pou\u017e\u00edva v r\u00f4znych oblastiach a o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee s postupom \u010dasu a zdokona\u013eovan\u00edm v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch met\u00f3d bude nach\u00e1dza\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie uplatnenie. Ak sa ka\u017ed\u00fd rok p\u00fdtate, na \u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edva bioetanol, zist\u00edte, \u017ee zoznam je \u010doraz dlh\u0161\u00ed. Dve najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie pou\u017eitia bioetanolu s\u00fa ako adit\u00edvum alebo alternat\u00edva k benz\u00ednu a ako palivo pre \u0161peci\u00e1lne krby<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pridan\u00edm etanolu do benz\u00ednu sa zvy\u0161uje okt\u00e1nov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje jeho odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di deton\u00e1cii. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee viac paliva zhor\u00ed, ne\u017e vybuchne. Zvy\u0161ovanie okt\u00e1nov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla paliva je zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi n\u00e1kladn\u00fd proces; prid\u00e1vanie etanolu do paliva n\u00edzkej kvality zlep\u0161uje jeho v\u00fdkon bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zv\u00fd\u0161enia n\u00e1kladov. Mnoh\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia automobilov za\u010dali vo svojich vozidl\u00e1ch podporova\u0165 aj palivo E85, ktor\u00e9 sa vyr\u00e1ba z 85% etanolu a 15% ropn\u00fdch produktov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krby na bioetanol<\/a> s\u00fa tie\u017e \u010doraz be\u017enej\u0161ie a \u010dasom by mohli \u00faplne nahradi\u0165 klasick\u00e9 krby. Ke\u010f\u017ee bioetanol hor\u00ed tak \u010disto a neprodukuje \u017eiadne toxick\u00e9 produkty spa\u013eovania, krby na bioetanol nepotrebuj\u00fa kom\u00edn na odvod dymu; nemus\u00edte sa ob\u00e1va\u0165 \u017eiadneho dymu. Ke\u010f\u017ee krby na bioetanol nevy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161iu infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, m\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 vo\u013ene stojace v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, v ktor\u00fdch by nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 be\u017en\u00fd krb. Ak v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, ako dlho vydr\u017e\u00ed bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo pri nepretr\u017eitom spa\u013eovan\u00ed v krbe, odpove\u010f je 4 a\u017e 8 hod\u00edn. Krby na bioetanol zvy\u010dajne umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi regulova\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 spa\u013eovania paliva prostredn\u00edctvom r\u00f4znych nastaven\u00ed tepla. \u010c\u00edm viac produkuje, t\u00fdm r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie spotreb\u00fava palivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co znamen\u00e1 bioetanol pre bud\u00facnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby pal\u00edv?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol nie je jedin\u00fdm biopalivom. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je v\u0161ak najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ou a jej prv\u00e9 \u00faspechy boli hlavnou hnacou silou v\u00fdskumu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch s\u00favisiacich technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi dvoma v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi pr\u00edkladmi podobn\u00fdch koncepci\u00ed s\u00fa bionafta a vod\u00edkov\u00e9 palivo. Sk\u00faman\u00edm toho, ako sa vyr\u00e1ba bionafta, bioetanol a vod\u00edkov\u00e9 palivo, m\u00f4\u017eeme za\u010da\u0165 ch\u00e1pa\u0165, ako bude vyzera\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165 technol\u00f3gi\u00ed \u010distej energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bionafta je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm s\u013eubn\u00fdm alternat\u00edvnym palivom, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 z olejov a tukov. Odpadov\u00fd kuchynsk\u00fd olej, rastlinn\u00fd olej a \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ne tuky sa daj\u00fa premeni\u0165 na bionaftu. Podobne ako bioetanol, aj bionafta pri\u0165ahuje z\u00e1ujem ako mo\u017en\u00e1 alternat\u00edva alebo doplnok k benz\u00ednu. Hlavnou v\u00fdhodou bionafty je, \u017ee sa d\u00e1 vyrobi\u0165 z recykl\u00e1cie \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra \u013eahko dostupn\u00fdch produktov. M\u00f4\u017ee sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj v existuj\u00facich dieselov\u00fdch motoroch bez potreby \u00faprav.\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vod\u00edkov\u00e9 palivo je \u010fal\u0161\u00edm alternat\u00edvnym zdrojom paliva, ktor\u00fd je ove\u013ea \u0161etrnej\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00e9mu prostrediu ako benz\u00edn. Hoci je vod\u00edk najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm prvkom vo vesm\u00edre, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 aj naj\u013eah\u0161\u00edm. Vo\u013en\u00fd vod\u00edk je preto na Zemi vz\u00e1cny, preto\u017ee sa vzn\u00e1\u0161a vo vesm\u00edre. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina priemyselne vyr\u00e1ban\u00e9ho vod\u00edka sa vyr\u00e1ba parn\u00fdm reformingom, ktor\u00fd si vy\u017eaduje fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1. Prebieha v\u0161ak v\u00fdskum v\u00fdroby vod\u00edka z biomasy a elektrol\u00fdzy vody. Ak tieto snahy poved\u00fa k \u010distej a \u00fa\u010dinnej v\u00fdrobe vod\u00edka, mohol by ma\u0165 rozhoduj\u00faci v\u00fdznam ako zdroj paliva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa prejavova\u0165 d\u00f4sledky klimatick\u00fdch zmien sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch \u010dlovekom a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa v\u0161etky k\u00faty plan\u00e9ty, v\u00fdskum alternat\u00edvnej energie nebol nikdy d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed. \u017diadna technol\u00f3gia n\u00e1m neumo\u017en\u00ed zmierni\u0165 d\u00f4sledky zmeny kl\u00edmy, ale prechodom na uhl\u00edkovo neutr\u00e1lnu technol\u00f3giu m\u00f4\u017eeme pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti za\u010da\u0165 zni\u017eova\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biopaliv\u00e1, ako je bioetanol, n\u00e1m poskytuj\u00fa poh\u013ead na to, ako by mohla vyzera\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165 \u010distej energie. Biomasy je na na\u0161ej plan\u00e9te dostatok a m\u00f4\u017eeme ju vyu\u017ei\u0165 na pokrytie na\u0161ich energetick\u00fdch potrieb bez nev\u00fdhod spojen\u00fdch so spa\u013eovan\u00edm fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv. V nasleduj\u00facich desa\u0165ro\u010diach bude bioetanol a in\u00e9 biopaliv\u00e1 ur\u010dite zohr\u00e1va\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu pri zni\u017eovan\u00ed na\u0161ej uhl\u00edkovej stopy ako civiliz\u00e1cie.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010co je bioetanolov\u00e9 palivo a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa jeho v\u00fdhody? Mo\u017eno ste v posledn\u00fdch rokoch videli spr\u00e1vy o aut\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-algemeen","category-bioethanol-advies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWat is bio-ethanolbrandstof, en wat zijn de voordelen ervan? | Bioethanolshop.nl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/sk\/co-je-bioetanol-palivo-a-ake-su-vyhody\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wat is bio-ethanolbrandstof, en wat zijn de voordelen ervan?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wat is bio-ethanolbrandstof, en wat zijn de voordelen ervan? 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