{"id":706,"date":"2021-06-18T15:17:27","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T13:17:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/?p=706"},"modified":"2021-06-18T15:21:56","modified_gmt":"2021-06-18T13:21:56","slug":"koks-yra-bioetanolio-anglies-dvideginio-pedsakas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/lt\/wat-is-de-koolstofvoetafdruk-van-bio-ethanol\/","title":{"rendered":"Koks bioetanolio anglies dioksido p\u0117dsakas?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Koks bioetanolio anglies dioksido p\u0117dsakas?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016bpinimasis aplinkosauga neb\u0117ra antraeilis dalykas. Vis akivaizd\u017eiau matant antropogenin\u0117s klimato kaitos pasekmes, auga kolektyvinis noras apsaugoti m\u016bs\u0173 planet\u0105 ir aplink\u0105. Nors kovai su klimato kaita reikia, kad \u017emon\u0117s keist\u0173 savo elgsen\u0105 tiek individualiai, tiek visuomen\u0117s lygmeniu, ekologi\u0161kos technologijos taip pat atlieka svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f. Bet kokia naujov\u0117, leid\u017eianti suma\u017einti kenksming\u0173 i\u0161metam\u0173j\u0173 ter\u0161al\u0173 kiek\u012f ir pagaminti ma\u017eiau atliek\u0173, gali b\u016bti svarbi kovojant su klimato kaita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vienas i\u0161 pagrindini\u0173 pasaulin\u0117s tar\u0161os \u0161altini\u0173 yra transporto priemoni\u0173 i\u0161metamos dujos. Daugeliui \u017emoni\u0173 asmeninis automobilis yra b\u016btinyb\u0117. Netur\u0117dami automobilio jie negal\u0117t\u0173 nuvykti \u012f darb\u0105, nuve\u017eti vaik\u0173 \u012f mokykl\u0105 ar nuva\u017eiuoti toliau nei iki savo nam\u0173 dur\u0173. Ta\u010diau, jei negalite sau leisti \u012fsigyti elektromobilio ir jums nesiseka gyventi ten, kur yra tinkama infrastrukt\u016bra, va\u017eiuodami automobiliu prisidedate prie nesibaigian\u010dio tar\u0161os ir \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105 sukelian\u010di\u0173 duj\u0173 srauto, u\u017e kur\u012f esame atsakingi visi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolis<\/a> tampa perspektyviu alternatyviu kuru, kuris vien\u0105 dien\u0105 gali leisti mums va\u017ein\u0117ti tiek, kiek norime, ir nesijaudinti d\u0117l to, kas sklinda i\u0161 m\u016bs\u0173 i\u0161metam\u0173j\u0173 duj\u0173. Kiekvienas, siekiantis neutralizuoto anglies dioksido kiekio ateityje, tur\u0117t\u0173 atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f bioetanol\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaip gaminami bioetanolio degalai?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolis turi daug privalum\u0173, palyginti su \u012fprastiniais degalais, ta\u010diau pagrindinis jo privalumas - ekologi\u0161kumas. Bioetanolio gamybai naudojami atsinaujinantys i\u0161tekliai, t. y. tokie augalai kaip kukur\u016bzai, kukur\u016bzai ir kukur\u016bzai. I\u0161 esm\u0117s jis gali b\u016bti gaminamas i\u0161 bet kurio augalo, kuriame yra cukraus ir krakmolo. S\u0105vok\u0105 \"biomas\u0117\" vartojame kaip bendr\u0105 termin\u0105 atsinaujinan\u010dioms organin\u0117ms med\u017eiagoms, gaunamoms i\u0161 augal\u0173 ir gyv\u016bn\u0173, apib\u016bdinti. Biomas\u0119 sudaro gyvi organizmai, med\u017eiagos, gautos i\u0161 gyv\u0173 organizm\u0173, ir med\u017eiagos, gautos i\u0161 neseniai mirusi\u0173 organizm\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tikslus bioetanolio degal\u0173 gamybos procesas priklauso nuo naudojamos biomas\u0117s sud\u0117ties. \u0160iuo metu daugiausia d\u0117mesio skiriama lignoceliulioz\u0117s med\u017eiagoms, \u012fskaitant gluosnius, eukaliptus, \u0161iaudus, cukranendres, \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio liekanas ir kitas sumed\u0117jusias ir \u017eolines med\u017eiagas, kurios da\u017enai laikomos atliekomis. Vienai tonai bioetanolio pagaminti reikia 2-4 ton\u0173 lignoceliulioz\u0117s biomas\u0117s. Mokslininkai pirmenyb\u0119 teikia lignoceliulioz\u0117s biomasei, nes jos yra daugiau nei maistini\u0173 augal\u0173, o jos gamyba yra pigesn\u0117, juolab kad ji ir taip laikoma atliekomis. Be to, jos grynosios energijos balansas yra didesnis nei kit\u0173 biomas\u0117s r\u016b\u0161i\u0173, tod\u0117l ji ekologinis <\/a>daro j\u012f patrauklesn\u012f. Lignoceliulioz\u0117s biomas\u0117 gali suma\u017einti \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105 sukelian\u010di\u0173 duj\u0173 i\u0161metim\u0105 iki 90%, o tai yra daug geriau nei pirmos kartos biodegalai.\"bioetanolio<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lignoceliulioz\u0117s biomas\u0117s naudojimo bioetanolio gamybai tr\u016bkumas yra tas, kad joje yra \u012fvairi\u0173 angliavandeni\u0173 polimer\u0173, \u012fskaitant celiulioz\u0119. Celiulioz\u0117 yra pagrindin\u0117 augal\u0173 l\u0105steli\u0173 sieneli\u0173 sudedamoji dalis, sudaryta i\u0161 gliukoz\u0117s molekuli\u0173. Skaidant celiulioz\u0119 vykstant hidroliz\u0117s procesui, i\u0161siskiria gliukoz\u0117. Yra keletas b\u016bd\u0173, kaip hidrolizuoti lignoceliulioz\u0117s biomas\u0117s celiulioz\u0119 ir gauti fermentuojam\u0173j\u0173 cukr\u0173. Labiausiai paplit\u0119 metodai - biomas\u0117s apdorojimas r\u016bg\u0161timi arba specifiniais fermentais ir kaitinimas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naudojant nelignoceliuliozin\u0119 biomas\u0119, pavyzd\u017eiui, gr\u016bdus, pirmiausia biomas\u0117 susmulkinama, kad i\u0161siskirt\u0173 krakmolas. Gauta med\u017eiaga sumai\u0161oma su tam tikru vandens kiekiu, kad b\u016bt\u0173 galima kontroliuoti cukraus ir mieli\u0173 santyk\u012f gautoje misoje. \u0160ildant mi\u0161in\u012f tirpsta vandenyje tirpus krakmolas, o r\u016bg\u0161tin\u0117 arba fermentin\u0117 hidroliz\u0117 tuo pat metu krakmol\u0105 paver\u010dia cukrumi. Gautas mi\u0161inys nuperkamas iki 4,8-5,0 pH, kuris yra \u0161iek tiek r\u016bg\u0161tus. Tai b\u016btina, kad gal\u0117t\u0173 augti cukr\u0173 rauginan\u010dios miel\u0117s. Fermentacijos metu susidaro etanolis ir CO2. V\u0117lesnis distiliavimas ir dehidratacija padidina etanolio koncentracij\u0105 tirpale.\"kynast<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad etanolis b\u016bt\u0173 naudojamas kaip degalai, jis turi b\u016bti labai grynas, kuo artimesnis 100%. Pramoniniu b\u016bdu gaminamame etanolyje yra palyginti daug vandens, kuris ma\u017eina grynum\u0105. Egzistuoja keli etanolio dehidratacijos b\u016bdai, kuriuos \u0161iuo metu tyr\u0117jai bando patobulinti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kokia bioetanolio nauda aplinkai?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolis ne tik gaunamas i\u0161 atsinaujinan\u010di\u0173j\u0173 i\u0161tekli\u0173, bet ir gerokai suma\u017eina \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105 sukelian\u010di\u0173 duj\u0173 emisij\u0105 gamybos metu ir deginant pagamintus degalus, palyginti su \u012fprastiniais degalais. \u012e benzin\u0105 prid\u0117jus etanolio padid\u0117ja oktaninis skai\u010dius, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad benzinas labiau dega, o ne dega, ir leid\u017eia mums i\u0161tempti vis ma\u017e\u0117jan\u010dias naftos atsargas. Ilgesnis naftos atsarg\u0173 eksploatavimo laikas padidina m\u016bs\u0173 degal\u0173 tiekimo saugum\u0105 ir suma\u017eina m\u016bs\u0173 priklausomyb\u0119 nuo naft\u0105 i\u0161gaunan\u010di\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jei norite su\u017einoti, ar bioetanolio metu susidaro anglies monoksidas ar kitos kenksmingos med\u017eiagos, atsakymas - ne. Deginant bioetanol\u012f i\u0161metama labai ma\u017eai ter\u0161al\u0173; jis yra gerokai \u0161varesnis nei \u012fprastiniai degalai. Blogiausia, k\u0105 jis i\u0161skiria, yra nereik\u0161mingas anglies dioksido kiekis - per ma\u017eas, kad daryt\u0173 neigiam\u0105 poveik\u012f \u017emoni\u0173 ar aplinkos sveikatai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galb\u016bt esate gird\u0117j\u0119 prie\u0161taring\u0173 teigini\u0173 apie bioetanolio anglies p\u0117dsak\u0105. Taigi, ar bioetanolis yra neutralus anglies dioksido at\u017evilgiu, ar ne? Atsakymas: taip, jis yra neutralus anglies dioksido at\u017evilgiu. Ta\u010diau turite paklausti sav\u0119s, kod\u0117l bioetanolis yra neutralus anglies dioksido at\u017evilgiu. Atsakymas i\u0161 ties\u0173 gana paprastas: gaminant bioetanol\u012f i\u0161siskiria tiek pat anglies dioksido, kiek jo fotosintez\u0117s metu sugeria degalus gaminantys augalai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per\u0117jimas nuo i\u0161 naftos pagamint\u0173 degal\u0173 prie bioetanolio pad\u0117s atkurti vir\u0161 \u017dem\u0117s esant\u012f ozono sluoksn\u012f, o tai yra ilgalaikis aplinkosaugos jud\u0117jimo tikslas. Kai etanolis <\/a>degimo, susidarantys produktai ma\u017eiau reaguoja su saul\u0117s \u0161viesa nei \u012fprastini\u0173 kuro \u0161altini\u0173 i\u0161metami ter\u0161alai. Netgi ma\u017eai tik\u0117tina, kad deginant etanol\u012f dideliais kiekiais b\u016bt\u0173 pa\u017eeistas ozono sluoksnis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Net jei netolimoje ateityje transporto priemon\u0117se ir toliau naudosime \u012fprastinius degalus, galime naudoti bioetanol\u012f, kad suma\u017eintume \u0161iltnamio efekt\u0105 sukelian\u010di\u0173 duj\u0173 i\u0161metim\u0105. Bioetanolio mai\u0161ymas su benzinu teikia daug verting\u0173 privalum\u0173. Pirma, padidinamas degal\u0173 oktaninis skai\u010dius, o tai padaryti paprastai yra sud\u0117tinga ir brangu. Praturtin\u0119 nekokybi\u0161kus degalus etanoliu, galime suma\u017einti kenksming\u0173 i\u0161metam\u0173j\u0173 ter\u0161al\u0173 kiek\u012f ir pagerinti eksploatacines savybes. Bioetanolio prid\u0117jimas \u012f degalus taip pat rei\u0161kia, kad galime dar labiau padidinti savo pasi\u016bl\u0105 ir suma\u017einti priklausomyb\u0119 nuo naft\u0105 i\u0161gaunan\u010di\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apskritai, pla\u010diai naudojant bioetanol\u012f pager\u0117t\u0173 oro kokyb\u0117 ir suma\u017e\u0117t\u0173 kancerogenini\u0173 daleli\u0173 paplitimas. Vykdomi mokslini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 ir pl\u0117tros projektai nuolat didina bioetanolio naud\u0105 aplinkai, tod\u0117l jis tampa dar patrauklesnis. Pavyzd\u017eiui, naujausi bioetanolio gamykl\u0173 projektai u\u017etikrina, kad visas i\u0161leid\u017eiamas vanduo b\u016bt\u0173 neutralus aplinkai. Kai kuriose gamyklose bioetanolio gamybos metu susidar\u0119s nuotek\u0173 vanduo perdirbamas, kad j\u012f b\u016bt\u0173 galima naudoti pakartotinai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kam naudojami bioetanolio degalai?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etanolis yra universalus kuras, kurio potencialas jau \u012frodytas keliose pagrindin\u0117se srityse. \u0160iuo metu bioetanolis da\u017eniausiai naudojamas kaip transporto degalai, nes daugelis automobili\u0173 pramon\u0117s atstov\u0173 tikisi, kad ilgainiui jis i\u0161stums benzin\u0105 kaip pagrindinis asmenini\u0173 transporto priemoni\u0173 kuras. Ta\u010diau vienas i\u0161 bioetanolio privalum\u0173 yra tas, kad jis neb\u016btinai turi visi\u0161kai pakeisti benzin\u0105, kad pasikeist\u0173. Etanolis da\u017enai naudojamas prastos kokyb\u0117s degal\u0173 eksploatacin\u0117ms savyb\u0117ms pagerinti, o rinkoje yra keletas mi\u0161ri\u0173 degal\u0173, kuriuose bioetanolis mai\u0161omas su dyzelinu arba benzinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanol\u012f, kaip ir bet kur\u012f kit\u0105 kur\u0105, galima deginti, kad b\u016bt\u0173 gaunama energija ir gaminama elektros energija. \u0160iuo metu atliekami bioetanolio galimo vaidmens elektros energijos gamyboje tyrimai. Palyginti su anglimi ir nafta, etanolio \u0161ilumin\u0117s energijos i\u0161eiga yra daug ma\u017eesn\u0117, o tai rei\u0161kia, kad tam pa\u010diam energijos kiekiui pagaminti reikia daug didesnio kiekio. Ta\u010diau galime sau leisti deginti daug daugiau etanolio, nedarydami \u017ealos aplinkai ir nei\u0161leisdami nuoding\u0173 ter\u0161al\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolio \u017eidiniai taip pat tampa vis populiaresni. Jie neskleid\u017eia d\u016bm\u0173 ar kit\u0173 kenksming\u0173 \u0161alutini\u0173 produkt\u0173, puikiai atrodo, jiems nereikia kamino ar dujotiekio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaip bioetanolis skiriasi nuo \u012fprastini\u0173 degal\u0173?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lyginant su benzinu, bioetanolio energin\u0117 vert\u0117 yra daug ma\u017eesn\u0117. Jei turite du vienodus automobilius, kuri\u0173 vienas varomas benzinu, o kitas - bioetanoliu, benzinu varomas automobilis gal\u0117s va\u017eiuoti toliau. Ta\u010diau bioetanolis nei\u0161skiria toki\u0173 pat kenksming\u0173 ter\u0161al\u0173 kaip benzinas. Kadangi bioetanolio gamybos s\u0105naudos toliau ma\u017e\u0117ja, o gamybos metodai tampa efektyvesni, gali b\u016bti, kad pasieksime ta\u0161k\u0105, kai da\u017eniau degalus \u012f transporto priemones teks pilti da\u017eniau ir tai bus laikoma vertingu kompromisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolio oktaninis skai\u010dius yra didesnis nei benzino, jo galima net \u012fpilti \u012f benzin\u0105, kad oktaninis skai\u010dius padid\u0117t\u0173. Didesnis oktaninis skai\u010dius rei\u0161kia, kad bioetanolis degs, o ne u\u017esidegs variklyje, ir pasi\u017eymi geresn\u0117mis savyb\u0117mis, apsaugan\u010diomis nuo branduolinio u\u017etaiso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Etanolis yra ma\u017eiau lakus nei benzinas, matuojant pagal Reido gar\u0173 sl\u0117g\u012f. Ma\u017eesnis bioetanolio sl\u0117gis rei\u0161kia, kad jis garuoja l\u0117tai, tod\u0117l garuojan\u010di\u0173 ter\u0161al\u0173 koncentracija yra ma\u017ea ir dar labiau suma\u017e\u0117ja degal\u0173 sprogimo pavojus. Ta\u010diau ma\u017eas gar\u0173 sl\u0117gis taip pat gali b\u016bti etanolio tr\u016bkumas. D\u0117l \u017eemo sl\u0117gio ir vienos virimo temperat\u016bros derinio grynu etanoliu varomi varikliai negali \u012fsijungti be pagalbos, kai temperat\u016bra \u017eemesn\u0117 nei 20 laipsni\u0173 Celsijaus. Jei bioetanolis kada nors bus rimtai svarstomas kaip pagrindinis automobili\u0173 kuras, varikliai tur\u0117s kompensuoti \u0161i\u0105 problem\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bioetanolis ir pana\u0161\u016bs biodegalai gali atlikti svarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f kovojant su klimato kaita. Bioetanolis ne tik gali b\u016bti \u012fvairiai naudojamas, bet ir jo gamyba yra neutrali anglies dvideginio at\u017evilgiu. Steb\u0117kite \u0161i\u0105 srit\u012f, nes tai gali b\u016bti ateities degalai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koks bioetanolio anglies dioksido p\u0117dsakas? R\u016bpinimasis aplinkosauga neb\u0117ra antraeilis dalykas. Kadangi antropomorfini\u0173<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-algemeen","category-bioethanol-advies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol? | Bioethanolshop.nl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioethanolshop.nl\/lt\/koks-yra-bioetanolio-anglies-dvideginio-pedsakas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"lt_LT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wat is de koolstofvoetafdruk van bio-ethanol? 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